In passive voice sometimes preposition ' to ', ' with ', or ' at ' is used in place of by.

 

**Rule:-) In passive voice sometimes preposition ' to ', ' with ', or ' at ' is used in place of by.( Passive voice ত কেতিয়াবা " By " preposition ৰ সলনি " to ", " with" বা " at " preposition  ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।

1) Use preposition ' at ' insted of ' by ':- For the sentence with ( surprised, annoyed, shocked, alarmed, disappointed, displeased,distressed ,astonished, laughed ) as main verb.
যেনে:- His behaviour annoyed me.
            => I was annoyed at his behaviour.
2) Use preposition ' to ' instead of 'by'
:- For the sentences with ( married, know, obliged, as the main verbs.
যেনে:- Karan married Bipasha.
       => Bipasha was married to karan.
3) Use preposition ' with' instead  of ' by ':- For the sentence with ( pleased , disgusted, impressed, charmel, etc. as the main verbs.
যেনে:-
Her performance impressed us.
=> We were impressed with her performance.
4) Use preposition ' in' instead of ' by ':- For the sentence with ( interested , consisted, absorbed, contained, etc. as the main verbs.
যেনে:-
This topic might interested students.
=> Students might be interested in this topic.
** তলত কিছুমান by preposition ৰ সলনি '
at, to, with, in ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ তলত উদাহৰণসহ দেখুৱা হ'ল :-
1) I know him well.
Ans:- He is known well to me.
2) He pleased me.
Ans:- I was pleased by him.
3) His behaviour surprised me.
Ans:- I was surprised at his behaviour.
4) Your conduct surprised me.
Ans:- I was surprised at your conduct.
5) I do not know his address.(HSLC-2006)
Ans:- His address is not known to me.
6) The boy is known to me.( HSLC-2002-2001)
Ans:- I know the boy.
7) I do not know his brother.(HSLC-2020)
Ans: His brother is not known to me.
8) We know her to us.( HSLC-2001)
Ans:- She is known to us.
9) She Knows me.
Ans:- I am known to her.
10) The news of her death shocked me.
Ans:- I was shocked at the news of her death.
11) His behaviour has not satisfied them.
Ans:- They have not been satisfied with his behaviour.
12) His conduct annoyed mve.( HS-2010)
Ans:- I was annoyed at his conduct.
13) His behaviour vexes me sometimes.(HS-2006)
Ans:- I am sometimes vexed at his behaviour.
14) His conduct surprised us.
Ans:- We were surprised at his conduct.
15) His behaviour vexes me.
Ans:- I am vexed at his behaviour.

 ** Rule:-)  (Quasi - Passive Voice)
1) Rules of Quasi-Passive Voice without Complement Active and Passive:-
Structure:
Active: S + am/is/are + V₁ + ing.
Passive: S + am/is/are + being + V₃ .
For Example:-
Active: The cows are milking.
Passive: The cows are being milked.
Active: The house is building.
Passive: The house is being built.
Active: The book is printing.
Passive: The book is being printed.
Active: Mangoes are selling.
Passive: Mangoes are being sold.
Active: The drums are beating.
Passive: The drums are being beaten.
Active: The guns are firing.
Passive: The guns are being fired.
Active: The bell is ringing.
Passive: The bell is being rung.
Active: The house is finishing.
Passive: The house is being finished.
Active: The trumpets are sounding.
Passive: The trumpets are being sounded.
2) Quasi-passive Voice with Complement Active and Passive Voice:-
Passive voice is formed with ( test, feel, read, smell, cost, sound, and Writes. ) Whenever we change the sentences into passive voice, we take the help of “When”.
Structure:-
Active: S + V₁ / V₂ + adjective
Passive:- S + H.V + Adjective + When +( it/they) + H.V+V₃
For Example:-
Active: The food tasted delicuous.
Passive: The food was delicious when it was tasted.
Active: Honey tastes sweet.
Passive: Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
Active: The bed feels soft.
Passive: The bed is soft when it is felt.
Active: Stone feels hard.
Passive: Stone is hard when it is felt hard.
Active: The book reads well.
Passive: The book is well when it is read.
Active: The rose smells sweet.
Passive: The rose is sweet when it is smelt.
Active: The bed feels hard.
Passive: The bed is hard when it is felt.
Active: The word sounds good.
Passive: The word is good when it is sounded.
Active: Rice sells cheap.
Passive: Rice is cheap when it is sold.
Active: This storybook reads funny.
Passive: This storybook is funny when it is read.
Active: This music sounds good.
Passive: This music is good when it is sounded.
Active: Curd tastes sour.
Passive: Curd is sour when it is tasted.
Active: The medicine tastes bitter.
Passive: The medicine is bitter when it is tasted.
Active: The pen writes smooth.
Passive: The pen is smooth when it is written.
Active: The book reads well.
Passive: The book is well when it is read.
Active: The bed feels soft.
Passive: The bed is soft when it is felt.
Active: The rose smells sweet.
Passive: The rose is sweet when it is smelt.
Active: The stone feels rough.
Passive: The stone is rough when it is felt.
Active: The composition reads well.
Passive: The composition sounds well when it is read.
Active: Your blame counts for nothing.
Passive: Your blame is worth nothing when it is counted.(ইয়াত Complement / Adjective নাই । ধনৰ বাবে ইয়াত Worth (মূল্য) অনা হৈছে।)
3) Different Sentences that do not follow the above-mentioned rule:-
Active: Sugar sells at 50 rupees a kilogram.
Passive: Sugar costs at 50 rupees a kilogram when it is sold.
Active: The clothes sell at 200 rupees per meter.
Passive: The clothes costs at 200 rupees per meter when it is sold.
** Rule:-) INFINITIVE(TO + V₁)
An infinitive has 4 forms in English:
1) Simple infinitive
2) Simple continuous infinitive.( Not used in Passive)
3) Perfect infinitive.
4) Perfect continuous infinitive.(Not used in Passive)
If ' to + V₁' is used with is/am/are/was/were/has/have/had  in a sentence,then passive of infinitive is used as illustrated below-
Active:- S + Be.Verb + to +V₁+ O
Passive:- O + Be.verb + to + be + V₃+ by + S.
Example:-
1)  Active: I am to write a book.
Passive: A book is to be written by me.
2) Active: He was to teach me.
Passive: I was to be taught by him.
3) Active: I have to purchase a pen.
Passive: A pen has to be purchased by me.
4) Active: She has to see it or to believe it.
Passive: It has to be seen or to be believed by her.
5) Active: I had to invite him.
Passive: He had to be invited by me.
6) Active: I have to admit my mistake.
Passive: My mistake has to be admitted by me.
7) Active: You have to do this sum.
Passive: This sum has to be done by you.
8) Active: You have to do the work.
9) Passive: The work has to be done by you.
10) Active: I have to help you.
Passive: You have to be helped by me.
11) Active – We have to finish the work.
Passive –  The work has to be finished by us.
12) Active – He is to send the mail.
Passive – The mail is to be sent by him.
13) Active – The police are to catch the criminal.
Passive –  The criminal is to be caught (by the police).
“by the police” is no more necessary in the line, as a criminal is always caught by the police.
14) Active – I am to play cricket.
Passive – Cricket is to be played by me.
** Rule:) The sentences starting with '
it is time ' are made in passive voice as follows-
Active: It is time + to + V₁ + O.
Passive: It is time + for + Object + to + be + V₃.
For Example:-
1) Active: It is time to stop thinking.
Passive: It is time for thinking to be stopped.
2) Active: It is time to write a letter.
Passive: It is time for a letter to be written.
3) Active: It is time to start the work.
Passive: It is time for the work to be started.
4) Active: It is time to take breakfast.
Passive: It is time for breakfast to be taken.
5) Active: It is time to attend the meeting.
Passive: It is time for the meeting to be attended.
6) Active: It is necessary to read the newspaper.
Passive: It is necessary for the newspaper to be read.
7) Active: It is possible to solve the problem.
Passive: It is possible for the problem to be solved.
8) Active: It is time to shut the door.
Passive: It is time for the door to be shut.
9) Active – It is time to read books.
Passive – It us time for books to be read.
10) Active – It is time to play a music.
Passive – It is time for a music to be played.
11) Active – It is time to write an article.
Passive – It is time for an article to be written.
12) Active – It is not a time to play chess.
Passive – It is not a time for chess to be played.
13) Active – It is not a time to sing songs.
Passive – It is not a time for songs to be sung.
14) Active – Is it a time to read comics?
Passive – Is it a time for comics to be read?
15) Active – Is it a time to take a shower?
Passive – Is it a time for a shower to be taken?
16) Active – Isn’t it a time to teach these boys?
Passive – Isn’t it a time for these boys to be taught?
17) Active – Isn’t it a time to open the gate?
Passive – Isn’t it a time for the gate to be opened?
18) Active: It is time to take a cup of tea.
Passive: It is time for a cup of tea to be taken.
19) It is time to say prayers.
20) Passive:  It is time for prayers to be said.
Active – It is time to read books.
Passive – It us time for books to be read.
21) Active – It is time to play a music.
Passive – It is time for a music to be played.
22) Active – It is time to write an article.
Passive – It is time for an article to be written.
** Rule:) IMPERSONAL PASSIVE( Use of 'Vague' subject.)
Some phrases such as ' it is said', it is believed' and ' it is expected ' are used in impersonal passive.
People/they say/believe assume” is changed into:
It is believed/said/assumed, etc.
STRUCTURE:
Passive: It + It is said/It is believed/ It is assumed + that + clause.
Active: People say that children are afraid of ghosts.
Passive: It is said that children are afraid of ghosts.
Active: People say that you have made a great mistake.
Passive: It is said that you have made a  great mistake.
Active: They say that she can do this work.
Passive: It  is said that she can do this work.
Active: They say that he is a saint.(HSLC-2001).
Passive: It is said that he is  a saint.
Active: People say that the earth is round.  
Passive: It is said that the earth is round. 
Active: They believe Mohan is the best doctor in the town.   
Active: It is believed that Mohan doctor in the town.
** Rule:-) Voice with " Bare infinitive
Bare infinitive Verbs: feel, listen to, Observe,Watch,hear,notice, make, see , let, help etc.
Structure:-
Active: S + V + O + bare infinitive Phrase.
Passive: O + Auxilliary verb + V₃ + to + bare infinitive Phrase + by + S.
For example:-
Active: I bade him submit the document.
Passive: He was bidden to submit the document by me.
Active: She made me sing a song.
Passive: I was made to sing a song by her.
** Rule:) Voice Change by Digital English.
Structure:-
Active – There + be verb + subject + infinitive (to + V₁).
Passive – There + be verb + subject + +to + be + V₃.
1) Active: There is no time to think.
Passive: There is no time to be thought.
2) Active: There is a lot of work to do.
Passive: There is a lot of work to be done.
3) Active: There is no time to think.
Passive: There is no time to be thought.
4) Active: There is nothing to do.
Passive: There is nothing to be done.
5) Active – There is something to achieve.
Passive – There is something to be achieved.
6) Active – There is no time to waste.
Passive – There is no time to be wasted.
7) Active – There is something to feel.
Passive – There is something to be felt.
8) Active – There is nothing to lose.
Passive – There is nothing to be lost.
9) Active – Is there anything to fulfil?
Passive – Is there anything to be fulfilled?
10) Active – Is there nothing to achieve?
Passive – Is there nothing to be achieved?
11) Active – There is nothing to do.
Passive – There is nothing to be done.
12) Active – There is no time to waste.
Passive – There is no time to be wasted.
13) Active – There is something to feel.
Passive – There is something to be felt.
14) Active – There is nothing to lose.
Passive – There is nothing to be lost.
** Rule-) How to change the voice of a sentence starting with ‘Let’:
Structure:
Active – Let + indirect object + main verb + direct object.
Passive – Let + direct object + be + V₃ + by + indirect object.
1)) Active – Let me share my views. (Indirect object- ‘me’, direct object – ‘my views’).
Passive – Let my views be shared (by me).
2) Active – Let her draw a portrait. (Indirect object- ‘her’, direct object- ‘a portrait’).
Passive – Let a portrait be drawn by her.
3) Active – Let him narrate the incident.
Passive – Let the incident be narrated by him.
4) Active – Let Peter join us.
Passive – Let us be joined by Peter.
5) Active – Let us not discuss it in this happy moment.
Passive – Let it not be discussed in this happy moment.
6) Active – Let me finish my points. (Indirect object- ‘me’, direct object – ‘my points’).
Passive – Let my points be finished (by me).
7) Active – Let her draw a portrait. (Indirect object- ‘her’, direct object- ‘a portrait’).
Passive – Let a portrait be drawn by her.
8) Active – Let him join our group. (Indirect object- ‘him’, direct object- ‘our group’).
Passive – Let our group be joined by him.
9) Active – Let Akil come to the show. (Indirect object – ‘Akil’, direct object – ‘the show’).
Passive – Let the show be come by Akil.
** Rule-) If there is no direct object in the active voice, then —
Structure:
Active – Let + us + main verb .
Passive – It is suggested that + we should + main verb.
— Here the phrase ‘it is suggested’ consists of Subject (It) + be verb (is) + 3rd form of main verb (suggested), which is a passive structure.
For example:-
Active – Let us go.
Passive – It is suggested that we should.
Active – Let us swim.
Passive – It is suggested that we should swim.
Active – Let us walk.
Passive – It is suggested that we should walk.
Active – Let us sow some seeds.
Passive – It is suggested that we should sow some seeds.
Active – Let us sleep.
Passive – It is suggested that we should sleep.
Active –  Let us play together.
Passive – It is suggested that we should play together.
Active – Let us swim.
Passive – It is suggested that we should swim.
Active – Let us walk.
Passive – It is suggested that we should walk.
Active – Let us sleep.
Passive – It is suggested that we should sleep.
Active –  Let us play together.
Passive – It is suggested that we should play together.
** Rule ) :
Active: S + Want/like/need/ask + (Object)₁+ to + V₁ + (Object)₂.
Passive: S+Want/like/need/asked+(Object)₂+ to+be + V₃+ by + (Object)₁.
1) Active – I want Jack to write a letter.
Passive – I want a letter to be written by Jack.
2) Active: I want him to do it.
Passive: I want it to be done by him.
3) Active: He likes Mohan to read the book.
Passive: He likes the book to be read by Mohan.
4) Active – I want anyone to do it immediately.
Passive – I want it to be done immediately (by anyone).
5) Active – We need a skilled player to defeat them.
Passive – We need them to be defeated by a skilled player.
6) Active – I don't want any outsider to solve the our family problems.
Passive – I don’t want our family problems to be solved by any outsider.
7) Active – He doesn’t want her to attend the meeting.
Passive – He doesn’t want the meeting to be attended by her.
8) Active – Do we need her to draw a picture?
Passive – Do we need a picture to be drawn by her?
9) Active – Do they want me to leave this project?
Passive – Do they want this project to be left by me?
10) Active – Doesn’t he want you to lift the weights?
Passive – Doesn’t he want the weights to be lifted by you?
11) Active – Don’t you need him to complete your homework?
Passive – Don’t you need your homework to be completed by him?
12) Active: Ram want someone to tell a story.
Passive: Ram wants a story to be told.
13) Active – I like people to praise me.
Passive – I like to be praised (by people).
14) Active: She asked me to arrest the man.
Passive: She asked me to be arrested.
15) Active: I like audience to respect  me.
Passive: I like to be respected.
16) Active – I don't like others to advise me.
Passive – I don’t like to be advised by others.
17) Active – We like people to praise us.
Passive – We like to be praised (by people).
18) Active – He wants people to know him.
Passive – He wants to be known (to people).
19) Active – Do they want someone to assist them?
Passive – Do they want to be assisted?
20) Active – Don’t you like others to admire you?
Passive – Don’t you like to be admired?
** Rule-) Structure:
A= S + like/Want/need/ask + to + V₁+ O.
P= S + like/Want/need/ask + to + be + V₃ + by + O.
For example:-
1) Active: We want to punish him.
Passive: We want to be punished by him.
2) Active: I like to teach kids.
Passive:  I like to be taught by kids.
3) Active: We want to hire you.
Passive: We want to be hired by you.
4) Active: I like to help people.
Passive: I like to be helped.( by People)
** Rule-) Passive Gerund.
There are two types of gerunds in English:
1) Simple gerund
2) Perfect gerund
Both the gerund types can be used in the active voice and the passive voice.
1) Simple gerund
It is a gerund form that refers to the present time or the same time the main verb of the sentence refers to.(ই হৈছে এক Gerund ৰূপ যি বৰ্তমান সময় বা একে সময়তে বাক্যটোৰ মুখ্য ক্ৰিয়াটোৱে বুজায়।)
Structures:
Active voice : V₁+ing
Passive voice : Being + V₃ (past participle)
For example:-
AV: I enjoy teaching you. 
PV: I enjoy being taught by you.
AV: I am not thinking about going there.
PV: I am not thinking about being killed there.
AV:He does not like people laughing at him.  PV: He does not like being laughed at.
2) Perfect gerund:
A perfect gerund is a gerund type that refers to a past action. The time it refers to is always prior to the time the main verb of the sentence refers to.(এটা Perfect Gerund হৈছে এক  প্ৰকাৰ যি অতীতৰ কাৰ্যক বুজায়। ই বুজাই দিয়া সময় সদায় বাক্যটোৰ মুখ্য ক্ৰিয়াটোৱে বুজাই দিয়া সময়ৰ আগতে হয়।
Structures:
Active voice (AV): having + V₃.
Passive voice (PV): having + been + V₃.
Examples:
AV: We are really proud of having confronted him.
PV: We are really embarrassed about having been confronted by him.
AV: She admitted having stolen his money.
PV: She admitted having been approached by a friend of mine.
                  ( Misecellaneous Passive Voice)
Active: I hope to win.   
Passive: It is hoped that I shall win.
Active: It is your duty to do this work. 
Passive: You are supposed to do this work.
Active: Your shoes need polishing.       
Passive: Your shoes need to be polished.
Active: Prepare yourself for the examination.   
Passive: Be prepared for the examination.